Which of the following is NOT one of the forces identified in Porter's Five Forces Model?

In Porter's Five Forces Model, the focus is on the competitive environment of an industry and how various forces impact the dynamics within that industry. The model identifies five specific forces that shape competition and influence market outcomes:

1. Supplier Power: This force examines how suppliers can affect the cost and availability of materials or services. Strong suppliers can dictate terms, impacting profitability for businesses.

2. Threat of New Entrants: This force looks at the potential for new companies to enter the market. High barriers to entry can protect established companies from new competition, while low barriers can increase competitive pressure.

3. Threat of Substitute Products: This force involves the availability of alternatives to a company's products or services. When substitutes are readily available, companies must work harder to maintain their market position.

Market demand is not one of the forces in Porter's model. Instead, it refers to the overall consumer interest and purchasing behavior for a type of product or service, which is influenced by the competitive forces identified in the model but is not a direct force in itself. Recognizing this distinction helps understand the underlying competitive dynamics that drive strategy in business environments.